Reconciling the Contradictions of Mill’s Preference-based Utilitarianism - Literature Essay Samples

In Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill advances the â€Å"greatest happiness principle,† which â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to produce happiness†¦[and] by happiness is intended pleasure and the absence of pain.† [1] Mill supplements the â€Å"greatest happiness principle† with the argument in Chapter II that some types of higher pleasures are intrinsically of a greater value than others, as competent judges prefer them even though they are attended by a lesser degree of pleasure. However, it is difficult to defend the anti-hedonist principle of higher pleasures as a central doctrine of Mill’s hedonist utilitarianism. Given that hedonism considers one pleasure of a finite amount as equal to another pleasure of the same finite amount, it seems that qualitative distinctions between pleasures cannot be reconciled without importing value-based principles foreign to traditional hedonism. This conflict is further complicated by the implications of Mill’s conclusions on virtue. Mill claims in Chapter IV that virtue has no superior intrinsic value, despite its preferred status – it is merely instrumental to happiness. It quickly becomes evident that the higher pleasures of Chapter II are unlike the virtue of Chapter IV: the higher pleasures are intrinsically more valuable, whereas virtue’s value lies only in its preference. In Chapter IV, Mill provides a new framework for his preference-based utilitarianism – based on a dichotomy between will and desire – which offers a means to attempt reconciliation between the inconsistent implications of Mill’s conclusions in Chapter II and IV. Nonetheless, it becomes evident that Mill’s theory of utilitarianism cannot be supported, as the distinction between will and desire proves to be an insufficient antidote against the internal contradictions of his preference-based utilitarianism. In Chapter II, Mill posits his view of preference-based utilitarianism. It is possible to distinguish between two interpretations of this form of utilitarianism: the first claims that it is the satisfaction of our preferences that has value, and the second claims that it is the objects of our preferences that have value. In Chapter II, Mill clearly aligns himself with the second form of hedonist utilitarianism. Mill’s argument in Chapter II seeks to answer an essential phenomenological question: Is an object valuable because we prefer it or do we prefer an object because it is valuable? Mill argues for the latter: the intrinsic value of the object precedes the preference and a competent judge’s preference for one object of pleasure over another indicates a superior intrinsic value in that object. Note that this argument is largely contingent on the competence of the judge. Mill develops the following argument in Chapter II as justification for his initial position on pr eference-based utilitarianism: Pleasure Preference Argument A) â€Å"Of two pleasures, if there be one to which all of almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable [and valuable] pleasure† (9). B) â€Å"Those who are equally acquainted with and capable of appreciating and enjoying both do give a marked preference to the manner of existence which employs their higher faculties† (9). C) Therefore, the pleasures which employ the higher faculties are more desirable and valuable. Assuming those who are equally acquainted with both types of pleasure in Premise B act irrespective of any moral obligation to prefer it (a requirement of Premise A), and the judges are competent and well acquainted with both pleasures, the argument is deductively valid. Mill’s argument may even be defended against the objection that an object being desired is not desirable, per se – Mill uses â€Å"desirable† to mean necessarily desired, but this conclusion may not follow from the fact that the object is desired. However, Mill would likely respond that the â€Å"competent judges† will always be successful in identifying the more valuable pleasure and so for these wise judges, the higher value object will always be desired. Therefore, Mill could argue that those pleasures of higher faculties, always preferred by the competent judges, are necessarily desired – or desirable – at least to the competent judges. Because a full investigation of the conditions necessary to be a competent judge is well beyond the scope of this paper, Mill’s argument will be accepted. Additionally, Mill claims that the higher value of the preferred pleasure is more clear in those instances where they prefer one object of pleasure â€Å"even though knowing it to be attended with a greater amount of discontent† (9), or less pleasure. If this is the case – and if the judges are truly competent and unmistaken in their preference – then Mill’s argument is sound. Mill then distinguishes between satisfaction and happiness, demonstrating that pleasure and happiness are not necessarily the same. Mill argues â€Å"it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied.† (10). It should be noted here that Mill does not say that it is better to be Socrates unhappy than a fool happy – happiness and satisfaction are not synonymous. Mill is incredibly clear: â€Å"Whoever supposes that this preference [for the pleasure of higher faculties] takes place at a sacrifice of happiness – that the superior being in anything like equal circumstances, is not happier than the inferior – confounds the two very different ideas of happiness and content† (9). And again, Mill claims that the satisfaction of the higher pleasures brings a greater amount of happiness, even when accompanied by â€Å"a greater amount of discontent† (9), or a lesser amount of ple asure. Therefore, it becomes unmistakably clear that while satisfaction/contentment are obviously not synonymous with happiness, pleasure is not the same as happiness either. However, this seems to be in conflict with Mill’s earlier definition of the ‘greatest happiness principle,’ in which he claims â€Å"by happiness is intended pleasure† (7). The only conceivable solution to this contradiction is the following: even if pleasure is the sole constituent of happiness (according to Mill’s earlier claim), not all pleasures contribute equally to happiness: the pleasures of the higher faculties contribute more to happiness than do the lower pleasures. Mill’s valuation hierarchy of pleasures becomes more difficult to defend, however, once he addresses the concept of virtue in Chapter IV. In this chapter, Mill arrives at conclusions regarding the relationships between pleasure, desire and happiness that seem to directly contradict the implications of Chapter II. Mill’s utilitarianism â€Å"maintains not only that virtue is to be desired, but that it is to be desired disinterestedly, for itself† (36). However, Mill explains that this is merely a psychological phenomenon: an individual may originally desire an object (virtue) as a means to pleasure, but as he becomes more and more habituated into this mode of behavior, he may cease to look beyond this object of his originally instrumental preference. This object then becomes a final preference, pursued as an end in itself. Mill is clear that virtue does not gain a higher degree of value through this normative phenomenon, but is desired more nonetheless. Mill even relates the instrumental desire for virtue to a miser’s desire for wealth, as both are merely means to happiness that become conflated with ends in themselves. Ultimately, Mill concludes that virtue becomes a part of happiness, as it is pursued as an end yet happiness is derived from it. A person who desires virtue â€Å"is made, or thinks he would be made, happy by its mere possession; and is made unhappy by the failure to obtain it† (38). And Mill argues that preferences make those preferred â€Å"sources of pleasure more valuable† (38). Thus, while Mill argued in Chapter II that the pleasures of the higher faculties are intrinsically superior in value to the lower pleasures, Mill argues in Chapter IV that virtue’s value lies predominantly in the desire and preference for it. Mill then claims that based on his explication of the psychological phenomenon surrounding virtue’s status as a part of happiness, it is evident that â€Å"to think of an object as desirable (unless for the sake of its consequences) and to think of it as pleasant are one and the same thing† (39). However, in Chapter II, Mill demonstrated that competent judges desire those higher pleasures that will bring them the most happiness, even when they are attended by less pleasure or more pain. Mill’s previous argument in Chapter II was based on the assertion that not all pleasures contribute equally to happiness, and so the â€Å"competent judge† will desire those objects of pleasure that contribute the most to happiness. Based on Mill’s previous argument, if an individual merely desires those objects that are the most pleasant (as Mill argues should be the case in Chapter IV), then he may only attain the lower pleasures of sensuous objects and will never attain happiness. Mill would refer to this individual as a â€Å"satisfied fool† in Chapter II, as opposed to the unsatisfied Socrates who still possesses more happiness than the fool. It seems that Mill’s position in Chapter II cannot be supported in light of Mill’s later claim that the desirable is the same as the pleasurable. At the end of Chapter IV, however, Mill provides an explanation to this seeming contradiction and provides a new framework in which to reevaluate the higher pleasures in Chapter II and virtue in Chapter IV: â€Å"the will is a different thing from desire† (39). Mill continues to explain that will is an active phenomenon and is different from the passive sensibility of desire for pleasure. Mill explains that will â€Å"may in time take root and detach itself from the parent stock† (40), and through mere habit, an individual may desire an object only because he wills it. This may explain how virtue can be desired for itself, even when accompanied by less pleasure, and also may explain the phenomenon of the higher pleasures being preferred, and even desired, despite their providing a lesser degree of pleasure than the lower pleasures offer. Nevertheless, Mill clarifies that â€Å"will, in the beginning is entirely produced by desire† (40). Therefore, the competent judge’s will toward the pleasures of higher faculties in Chapter II must be preceded by desire for them. Given Mill’s claim in Chapter IV that we only desire that which is pleasurable, it becomes necessary that at some point in the past, the pleasures of the higher faculties were accompanied by a greater degree of pleasure than were the lower, sensuous pleasures. This desire must have later transformed to will and even after the pleasure derived from the higher pleasures decreased to less than that of the lower, sensuous pleasures, the will remained and desire for the will formed out of habit. On first glance, this seems to be an effective reconciliation of Mill’s treatment of higher pleasures in Chapter II based on the framework provided in Chapter IV. Mill challenges this new theory, however, when he claims in Chapter IV â€Å"that which is the result of habit affords no presumption of being intrinsically good† (41). Yet he claimed in Chapter II that the higher pleasures are intrinsically â€Å"more valuable than others† (8). As it becomes a necessity to consider the competent judges’ preference for higher pleasures a habitual preference – in order to avoid the contradiction that is present when an individual desires an object which affords less pleasure than other objects (from Chapter IV) – it becomes impossible to maintain that the higher pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than the lower pleasures in Chapter II. Clearly, the conclusions drawn by Mill in Chapter II cannot be reconciled with the contradictory conclusions of Chapter IV. In Chapter II, Mill â€Å"assigns to the pleasures of the intellect, of the feelings and imagination, and of the moral sentiments a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation† (8) – even though the pleasures of the higher faculties are accompanied by less pleasure than the lower, sensuous objects. In Chapter IV, Mill argues that the pleasures of virtue are â€Å"sources of pleasure more valuable than the primitive pleasures,† (41) – even though they too may be accompanied by less pleasure than the primitive, lower pleasures. On first glance, these conclusions seem to be in agreement. However, Mill posits in Chapter II that the higher pleasures are intrinsically more valuable than lower pleasures, whereas he claims in Chapter IV that the preference for virtue is the source of its value and that one can only prefer an object that gives less pleasure than another based on simple habit. Mill argues at the end of Chapter IV that people are m istaken to value these objects of habitual preference over other more pleasurable objects and, in doing so, directly opposes his assertion that higher pleasures have more intrinsic value than lower pleasures which are subjectively more pleasurable. Thus, the additional happiness derived from higher pleasures is merely additional happiness derived from habitual action. Perhaps these contradictions could be explained through an investigation of the temporal relations at play, as the preference of higher pleasures occurs at one instant in time whereas the preference for virtue is formed over a certain length of time. However, without this additional inquiry, Mill’s position on higher pleasures simply cannot be reconciled with his treatment of virtue. [1] Mill, John Stuart. Utilitarianism. Ed. George Sher. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2001. Print. 7

Online Education Essay - 626 Words

Online education has grown since it first came about, there are mixed views on whether it is truly beneficial. The reasons for the huge growth of online education is money even though online education targeted working adults that have little or no time to sit in a traditional classroom for millions of men and women serving in the armed forces online education has made earning a degree much more possible. In recent years there have been significant technological growth with this growth technology has changed the way we do a lot of things from communicating to warfare with such influences on society there is no surprise that education feel its wave in researching this topic it seems that in troubled economy online education allows†¦show more content†¦But without the securities of the traditional classroom environment cheating has become a big concern in online education aside from cheating the quality of online education is also in question in addressed by article posted Greg Rodriguez which states â€Å"the level of effectiveness of educational technology is influenced by this specific student population, the software design that educators role, and the level of access to technology I agree that having a quality program is important but still requires much effort from both student and teachers to ensure success of the online program†. This is also true for traditional classrooms the use of online education impacted not only colleges but grade, middle, and high schools alike one of the biggest issues discussed on the topic of online learning is age and maturity an article written by Sam Dillon talks about the use of online learning in elementary and home schools. While I do agree with the statement made by Tracie Weldie, a native from Milwaukee, which home schools her three kids than there is no reason for Isabel to practice counting if she can already add not every child learns at the same rate and this will elevate, concerns the parent might have about their child being challenged to reach their full academic potential. Either the onlineShow MoreRelatedOnline Education And Online Schools946 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of schools starting with online and public. How would someone know which one to choose? While some believe the quality of online education isn’t as good as a regular school’s, online school is just as effective or mo re and should be continued as a teaching resource because online students are getting higher test scores and more options are offered by online schools. One of the reasons why online school is more effective than regular school is by cause of online students have shown higher testingRead MoreOnline Discussion Of Online Education1303 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussion of online education in philosophy, there would sometimes come a rather curious moment in the conversation. I began to think of it as the â€Å"microwave question moment.† Many years ago, when microwave ovens first were advertised, there was a rather clever ad depicting a salesperson standing in front of a crowd of people, going on and on about all the wonderful advantages of microwave cooking, until a deep voice from the back spoke up with: â€Å"But does it brown the food?† Online course deliveryRead MoreOnline Education Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesOnline Education Online learning is definitely one of the newest and fastest moving industries; more and more students are opting to getting their degree this way instead of going to a land college, mostly due to the convenience of the schedule, where before a full time employee, could not fit schooling into their schedule, but they are finding out now that they can do this through the online environment, so they are utilizing this alternative way of achieving their higher education. Yet, the onlineRead MoreBenefits Of Online Education1136 Words   |  5 PagesOnline classes have become a more popular source for learning in the education system over the past couple of years. In the technology based world lived in today this is no surprise, it seems that everything is turning from human performed to technology based. The technology based world lived in has good and bad consequences, with technology based classes the need for teachers in the classroom teaching the material is declining. Along with j obs declining, many argue online learning may not be providingRead MoreTraditional Education And Online Education926 Words   |  4 PagesBatter, Online or Traditional Education Imagine that someone studies and has a neighbor in the same age. They study in together until high school. Someone continues to go to university but his neighbor decides to stay at home. They finally graduate and discover that his neighbor also graduate. Here will be there a lot of the questions beginning revolve in his head. How does his neighbor graduate and not go to school? The answer is an easy. His neighbor benefited from technology in education. This isRead MoreOnline Learning And Online Education1115 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitely been absorbed into the education world. When one mixes technology and education, online learning is brought to life. Many believe that going to school online is a fabulous invention, because online classrooms can bring education to anyone, in any place imaginable. Some also argue that online classes can be more affordable than taking classes in the traditional classroom. Although a large number of American students believe that online learning is a valuable education tool, numerous research studiesRead MoreOnline Education Vs. Education1303 Words   |  6 PagesA Current trend that is occurring within the field of education is online education. The purpose of an online education is to allow student to receive a degree without having to be present or on campus. Online education helps working adults pursue higher education and gives them better career opportunities. It will also help people increase their lifetime earnings, Online education also helps to connect with people we would have never dreamed of interacting with it also gives students opportunitiesRead MoreOnline Education Vs Traditional Education1068 Words   |  5 PagesOn-Line Education versus Traditional Education Introduction/Thesis Online education has rapidly become a popular alternative to traditional education, due to the flexible nature of the courses and also the fact that the online learning environment may not require additional expenses. However, some people find traditional learning to be more advantageous than online learning. The traditional learning environment provides some people with more support throughout their scholastic career. When lookingRead MoreBenefits Of Online Education901 Words   |  4 Pagesgetting education and degrees online. A few years ago online education was never thinkable, and yet it has become to reality and it is widely expanding with popularity. Online education is a type of educational instruction that delivers learning to individuals to their own homes, and it is getting very popular among nontraditional student and others. Individuals prefer online education because they find it comfortable and better at their own house. To further more, some advantages of online ed ucationRead More Online Education Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pages Online Education Education is an important part of people’s lives; it will either make them or break them in the future depending on the careers they choose. Education is greatly diverse today in comparison to the 1950s because of advancements in teaching and other great inventions that provide easier techniques of teaching. One major issue that has been raised is distant learning courses and online education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Distant learning could be any format from VHS videos, DVDs, or internet courses

Traumatic Brain Injuries In The Military. Usaace. Ncoa.

TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES IN THE MILITARY USAACE NCOA SSG Justin T. LaFountain 15ZSLC 17-002 SFC Maradol Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the military are a tangible threat to the men and women of the United States military. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have created a spotlight on this injury, as the â€Å"signature injury†. Specific criteria makeup the definition of a TBI, which is certain symptoms and severity levels of those symptoms. Due to the capacity of this injury, the Department of Defense (DoD) and Congress have created mandates, along with treatment methods, and the ability to achieve an end goal of aiding an individual’s complete recovery. TBI is a blow, jolt, or other injury to the head that disrupts the†¦show more content†¦Symptoms due to loss of sleep manifest as fatigue, difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, easily tired and nightmares (Helms, 2014). The leading cause of TBIs in military operations is blast waves (Carlson, 2010). The estimation is that 330,000 veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan have TBIs and up to ninety percent of these are cause by a blast or explosion. To break down these TBI levels of severity further, Hinds II (2016) states an estimated 82.4 percent are mild, 17.6 percent are moderate, and 8.5 percent are severe. In 2006, the DoD mandated systematic screening, diagnosis, and care for individuals whom acquired a traumatic brain injury. Congress also mandated that military and Department of Veterans Affairs will screen all service members returning from combat (Jaffee, 2009). The Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) took lead on this quest however; the operational requirements and capabilities of this center are the restricting factors of accomplishing this mandate. DVBIC developed and trained medical care personal with Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) (Hinds II, 2016). MACE is a field expedient tool, with a 7-section exam, that gives military personal to quickly identify concussions anywhere in the world, which requires no special equipment to administer. The sections of the exam include: concussion screening, concussion screening results, cognitive exam,

WiMAX Networks Triple Data Encryption

Question: Discuss about theWiMAX Networks for Triple Data Encryption. Answer: Comparison of Data Encryption Standards for WiMAX Networks WiMAX is a wireless standard named as Wi-Fi, however on a much bigger scale as well with higher speeds. WiMax utilizes 3DES, WEP and AES data encryption standards for the WiMAX networks. 3DES: Triple Data Encryption Standard utilizes three distinctive keys with a length of about 56-bit .The utilization of three keys causes slower work performance of the software. The moderate performance also limits the length of the keys and gradually makes 3DES method outdated . In cryptography, unlike AED and WEP, 3DES seems as a basic name for Triple Data Encryption Algorithm. 3DES means that there is a Symmetric-Key Cube Figure, which means that the DES cipher calculates every data block three times faster (Phan, 2007). Fig 1: 3DES encryption/decryption Source: mvd-fpga.com AES: The main tool that is used by WiMax for data encryption is the Advanced Encryption Standard. AES provides data encryption support for 192-bit, 128-bit, and 256-bit . AES works with CCMP and turned into a mainstream algorithm.It is quicker than 3DES as it is simpler to actualize and it utilizes comparatively lesser memory. AES is a devoted processor and it might not be utilized by every end-client terminals. Hence, 3DES remain a key encryption apparatus on a WiMax system. WEP: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security calculation for IEEE 802.11 remote systems. Presented as a major aspect of the first 802.11 standards endorsed in 1997 and its expectation was to give information privacy practically identical with the conventional wired network. WEP data encryption standard is recognized with the help of key of about Twenty-six hexadecimal digits, which is being broadly and frequently used and has now become a primary security decision displayed to clients by Switch Arrangement tools. Data encryption with WEP secures the undefended wireless connections between the clients and the access points more than AES and 3DES (Sivris Leka, 2015). Safety Challenges of WPAN Technologies Examples WPAN named as Wireless Personal Area Network is known as the network utilized to interconnect the devices that revolve around a distinct individual at a particular workspace where the networks are wireless. Bluetooth Channel Level Safety Issues: Bluetooth depends on impromptu networks and in impromptu systems, gadgets associate with each other rather than with the focal access point. Connection Level Safety Issues: If the gadget is designed to remain in a visible mode, different devices in extent send signals showing that network is accessible in its region and is prepared for pairing.This is a direct result of the Service revelation property (Soomro Cavalcanti, 2007). Applications Level Safety Issues: When Bluetooth gadgets are associated within a trusted way, then one gadget attempts to get services, however, a trusted gadget has unhindered access to each administration on the another gadget. Data Level Safety Issues: I At the time of pairing, in many cases, attackers are surely capable of going through the shrouded mode after assaulting the gadget. In this safety issue unless the client provides precise consideration for his gadget he/she never captures the error or bug. ZigBee The main security issue with ZibBee is its weak methods utilized to implement the ZigBee by vendors to sell the Internet-connected devices. Some sellers dont provide even an idea for the security of ZigBee as well as to implement the minimum features needed for it to become a certified WPAN. This might cut down the expenses of software but from the secuirty perspective, it is never successful to fulfill the users needs. Device tampering is another security concern of ZigBee as a tamper-resistant hub might erase the important information including keys which is used for the security purposes if tampering is detected in it (Zhang, 2013). References Phan, R. (2007). Reducing the exhaustive key search of the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Computer Standards Interfaces, 29(5), 528-530. Sivris, K. Leka, S. (2015). Examples of Holistic Good Practices in Promoting and Protecting Mental Health in the Workplace: Current and Future Challenges. Safety And Health At Work, 6(4), 295-304. Soomro, A. Cavalcanti, D. (2007). Opportunities and challenges in using WPAN and WLAN technologies in medical environments [Accepted from Open Call]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 45(2), 114-122. Zhang, X. (2013). Commutative reversible data hiding and encryption. Security And Communication Networks, 6(11), 1396-1403.

William Wordsworth Essay Example

William Wordsworth Paper William Wordsworth was born in Cumberland. Wordsworth entered Cambridge University in 1787, the year he completed his first significant poem. Wordsworth is considered to be the most important English romantic poet. Wordsworth has also been praised for his descriptions of nature. But he traditionally claimed that his primary interest was The Mind Of Man. His finest poems include Michael, the Lucy lyrics, The Solitary Reaper, and Resolution and Independence, dramatize how imagination creates spiritual values out of memory of sights and sounds of nature. Seamus Heaney is an Irish Poet, educated at St. Columb`s College, Derry, and Queens University Belfast. In the 1960`s he belonged to a group of poets in Belfast, who, he said, Used to talk poetry day after day with an intensity and prejudice that cannot but have left a mark on all of us. After lecturing on poetry at Queens for six years he moved in to the Republic Of Ireland, living first in Co. Wicklow and then in Dublin. The first poem which we looked at was William Wordsworth`s Nutting. The title of this poem is extremely vague and it does not tell us nothing about the poem itself. As I begin to read the poem we see that it is reflecting on a memory, It seems a day. It is a memory of his childhood days and this thought holds an eternal place in his heart and mind. We will write a custom essay sample on William Wordsworth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Wordsworth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Reading on we feel that the mood is going to change and he starts to examine his appearance. He is proud of the way he is dressed and what he is doing. He is reminiscing his childhood of when he goes out and collects nuts and discovers that he annihilates the whole vicinity. He is saddened that he has destroyed Dearest Maiden (mother nature) and he leaves the scene distraught and doesnt want the sky to intrude on what he has done. The second poem which we looked at was Blackberry Picking by Seamus Heany. The title proposes to us that it is Summer time and he is setting off on an adventure in late August. It begins with, Late August, given heavy rain and Sun, which is essential for blackberry growth. The blackberries would ripen which suggests new life and great trepidation because he is taking his time. The blackberries are as Hard as a knot. This is used as a simile so that we know that we are implicated. Throughout the poem various senses are used creating a real-life feeling and experience, Until the tinkling bottom has been covered, The juice was stinking too. We see the different stages blackberries go through. We are told of them once they are in their prime, when they are nice and ripe, For a full week the blackberries would ripen. We are told how fine the blackberries are but once we reach the closing stages we get a feeling that something dire is going to happen. Everything seemed to be going wrong when they said, The juice was stinking too and The sweet flesh would turn sour. This is when the blackberries are destroyed by the fungus because they are of the byre. In conclusion both of these poems are of recollection of the authors childhood memories. Wordsworth describes his poetry as Emotion recollected in tranquillity as an older man he recollects his journey as a young boy. Seamus Heany on the other hand has a different outlook of his life now than when he was as a child. He was disappointed and his human emotions really personalises the poem towards the readers. In my opinion I feel that Seamus Heanys Blackberry Picking was much more convincing than William Wordsworths Nutting because Seamus Heany uses different senses which makes the poem seem more real-life and much more pleasant to recite.

SHALL WE OR SHALL WE NOT HIRE POLICE OFFICERS BASED ON GENDE essays

SHALL WE OR SHALL WE NOT HIRE POLICE OFFICERS BASED ON GENDE essays SHALL WE OR SHALL WE NOT HIRE POLICE OFFICERS BASED ON GENDER OR MINORITY ISSUES? We should not hire people based on gender or minority issues because everybody has different skills and capabilities to perform specific tasks. If we talk about gender issues... well, women are very good in certain aspects, for example, organization and communication... when men have other traits, such as physical strength. If we talk about minority issues... well, people is different... there are many different cultures in the world. Its call diversity. So, if we hire diverse people, we have more probability to find a solution for an specific problem with specific people... For example: An east Indian has decided to kill himself by jumping from a building. The police arrives and surrounds the building. The guy is about to jump, while the cops yell at him orders... But the guy doesnt understand a word... he doesnt speak English very well. So, what to do? Just call the east Indian officer (which is woman, haha) and let her talk with him. She will probably save his life. That is another reason to hire women in the police department. Women tend to use dialogue most of the time to solve their conflicts. Men dont. Men are usually more aggressive, and tend to use their physical strength. So... it is better to have diverse people to develop different tasks. Depending on the situation. At the end I believe that the real question would be... should we hire police officers, or should we hire big guys? If we think about it, it doesnt matter how physically strong is a police officer when you have a problem like in the example. In that case what you need is a person that has good communication skills, that is intelligent, (and last but not least), that is bilingual. Variety is good. Joining different people with different capabilities will give us a stronger police department (or whatever is the case) as a re ...

Dewey's Democratic Individualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dewey's Democratic Individualism - Essay Example Even crime is becoming corporate. What happens nowadays is that "these corporations [effect] a change of social life from an individual to corporate affair." Reactions of the individual and society as a whole to this change are manifold: they affect the psychological, professional, and political sphere. According to Dewey, "they affect the working ideas, beliefs and conduct of all of us." However there is a split within individual and in a society, and most specifically-the split within the new business mind. The split comes about because "the results of industry.. are corporate and collective" while the inner motives are private and individual. Dewey calls resolution to this state "a law of mental integrity"; this will come about when inner motives become concerned with corporate goals-that is to say, shared goals. Dewey says: "When the corporateness becomes internal, that is, it is realized in thought and purpose, it will become qualitative Law will be realized not as a rule arbitrarily imposed from without but as the relations which hold individuals together." According to Dewey, these two statements are closely connected with essential question pertaining to individuality: the need for a new theory and new morals which would explain human nature and its connection to society in these new economic conditions. This would be the basis of democracy in current American society. Dewey states that "Dewey states that "[a]ssured and integrated individuality is the product of definite social relationships and publicly acknowledged functions." These relationships being established, as well as the public acknowledgment of the role of different human endeavors within a current society, the split of the business mind would be healed. There needs to be "some consensus of belief as to the meaning of finance and industry in civilization as a whole". This would supply a sense of meaning to the business mind and its importance within a society. Dewey further analyzes this social and individual split. What is lacking as a reward for achieving one's ends, (the reward presently being financial profit), is a sense of social fulfillment. Social fulfillment of individuals is a key factor in new democracy. The current standards of value are "derived from pecuniary success and economic prosperity". This is not enough for individual fulfillment, as human beings need a sense of solidarity and participation. This then implies shared and common values. The essential trait of human nature, according to American tradition, is love of liberty, but Dewey wonders if men would surrender their liberties in the name of solidarity, with the sense of union that it entails and respect by others it provides. What is needed is new psychological and moral theories to explain human nature, and which are in accordance with society at present and its corporateness. Culture is another important element of new democracy. For political freedom, freedom of culture is essential: "positive conditions, forming the prevailing state of culture, are required". Everybody should share in enjoyment of the arts. Culture is extremely important because it determines the patterns of behavior of any given group in a specific period-as proved by recent anthropological findings. It also puts a new spin on the problem of relation of the individual to the social -as it defines current customs, rules, traditions, and institutions. Dewey